Sound files for soundplant 42 full#

Previously, many researchers have shown beneficial effect of ultrasound on callus regeneration, suspension culture, and plant transformation 9.

It has already been noticed that ultra and infrasound can interact with biological tissues 8. To avoid the controversy, in subsequent work, many researchers preferred single frequency acoustic vibration. Green music itself has been shown to increase oxygen uptake and polyamine content in chinese cabbage 7. Researchers argued that music is a complex mixture of various frequencies, amplitudes and tones, and has neither evolutionary nor ecological significance however, certain natural music (referred as green music), like bird’s singing, cricket’s stridulating and bee’s buzz etc., may be important 6.

In preliminary studies, beneficial effect of music on plants was claimed by many researchers though it has been a subject of debate for decades 5. Sound is a vibrational mechanical force and its effect on plants is an emerging area of research for past few years. Another classical example is the well-known phenomenon of ‘Buzz Pollination’, where pollens from anthers are released only upon vibration at a particular frequency produced by bee buzz 4. A direct evidence to this is the elicitation of defense response in Arabidopsis that leads to accumulation of defense molecules upon treatment with vibrations caused by churning sound of caterpillar 3. Thus, it is undeniable that plants have evolved sensitivity also towards sound vibration (SV) of various ecologically relevant frequencies.

Sound files for soundplant 42 full#

Among these, touch genes ( TCH) are well-known for its touch-mediated rapid up-regulation 2.Īll across the biosphere, every niche inhabited by plants is full of vibrations produced by sound of biological and/or physical origin. Thigmomorphogenetic responses, which include stunted growth, increase resistance to other stress, alteration in flowering time, senescence, and chlorophyll contents 1, are associated with differential expression of specific genes and proteins. The collective term given for plant growth and development in response to mechanical perturbation is thigmomorphogenesis 1. As a consequence of the incessant evolutionary pressure, plants have developed sensitivity even towards the physical and mechanical factors (e.g., wind, rain, touch, and vibration), besides the well-known biotic and abiotic stimuli (e.g., light, temperature and pathogen attack). Therefore, plants have developed numerous sophisticated mechanisms to utilize those cues for modulation of their growth and development in the course of evolution. Overall, these results provide a molecular basis to SV triggered global transcriptomic, proteomic and hormonal changes in plant.ĭue to their inability to move, plants are under continuous pressure to deal with copious environmental cues for their successful survival. Notably, several touch regulated genes were also up-regulated by SV treatment suggesting a possible molecular crosstalk among the two mechanical stimuli, sound and touch. Phytohormonal analysis indicated that SV-mediated responses were, in part, modulated by specific alterations in phytohormone levels especially salicylic acid (SA). Data suggested that like other stimuli, SV also activated signature cellular events, for example, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration of primary metabolism, and hormonal signaling. As a next step, we also studied the SV-mediated proteomic changes in Arabidopsis. Herein, we investigated the global gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana upon treatment with five different single frequencies of SV at constant amplitude for 1 h. Despite this there exists a huge gap in our understanding regarding the SV-mediated molecular alterations, which is a prerequisite to gain insight into SV-mediated plant development. This strongly suggests the existence of sophisticated molecular mechanisms for SV perception and signal transduction. A number of previous and recent studies reported developmental responses in plants tailored against SV of varied frequencies. Sound vibration (SV) is considered as an external mechanical force that modulates plant growth and development like other mechanical stimuli (e.g., wind, rain, touch and vibration).